What do you mean by small scale fading?

26. What do you mean by small scale fading?

Small-scale fading, also known as multipath fading, refers to the rapid fluctuations in the amplitude, phase, or frequency of an electromagnetic wave as it propagates through a wireless communication channel. These fluctuations occur due to constructive and destructive interference of multiple wave paths, caused by reflections, diffractions, and scattering in the propagation environment.

Small-scale fading is primarily observed at relatively short distances from the transmitter, typically within a few wavelengths. It is characterized by rapid variations in signal strength, resulting in fading or fluctuations in the received signal's amplitude or power. The fading effect can be either fast or slow, depending on the rate at which the channel characteristics change.